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sábado, 11 de diciembre de 2010

Artificial eyes


http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1098/539133302_48ec9429c5.jpgThe insects have inspired to the scientists to transfer their characteristics to present products, after to have perfected throughout million years. For example, investigators of the Fraunhofer Institute for the Applied Optics and the Engineering of Precision, in Jena, are working in the development of a ultra-thin sensor of images based on the eye of an insect. Andreas Brückner has improved the properties of the pick up of images of these systems with respect to its applications like sensors.

In some aspects, it is possible to be said that the insects do not have only two, but thousands of eyes. Each facet of its eye with its visual lens and its cells, picks up a point of the image, and the numerous facets are extended on a hemispherical surface. Like result, “the collective” eye of the insect can cover a wider angle with vision, but the resolution of the produced images is not particularly high. This is surprising, since the insects can fly with very precise maneuvers. They are able to do it because, due to the principle of its visual supersharpness, they see really more than the offered thing so what by the images captured by its compound eyes, because the fields of view of the adjacent facets are superposed. Andreas Brückner is reproducing this phenomenon in a technical system.
                                                         http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/gadgetlab/2009/09/retinal-implant3.jpg   The objective era to less than develop microoptical to compound eyes that contained numerous channels of images in parallel and which also they were extraordinarily compact, half millimeter of thickness. In order to obtain this, Brückner began analyzing how the images in the artificial compound eyes are created.Since each facet captures a point of the image, the challenge was to manage to control the superposition in the technical system. With a precise knowledge of angular sensitivity, it is possible to each other to compare the signals of the images of the adjacent facets. This makes possible as well to determine the position of the object seen in a bidimensional field of view, with an exactitude that is superior in often to the resolution of the image. A comparison has demonstrated that a lens made as a compound eye can transfer the information with an effective resolution of the image of 625 xs 625 pixels, although the real number available of pixels of each image is limited 50 xs 50. Like result, the sensor can recognize simple objects, determine accurately its position and size, and also detect of trustworthy way the movements.
http://www.diariouno.com.ar/export/sites/diario/imagenes/2009/09/16/PRE_diente_en_el_ojo.jpg_687088226.jpg

The BBC speaks in Bionic eye gives blind man sight of the case of a British invidente of 73 years, only identified like Rum, that is one of the three patients in the United Kingdom which they are taking part in an experimental test of a bionic eye Argus II that hopes that it allows them to recover something of the vision that is lost.
One is a device formed by glasses that take a camera integrated in the bridge which they transmit the image that catches to a processor of size similar to the one of a cigarette package that the patient takes hung of the belt that processes that signal it sends and it by radio to a receiver that the patient takes implanted in the cheek below pómulo and of the skin, in such a way that this he is invisible.
This receiver as well is connected by means of a thin cable that enters on the one hand of the eye a matrix of 60 electrodes that approximately measures a square millimeter that is implanted in the retina and that is the one that is in charge to stimulate the optical nerve.
Rum, that remained blind 30 years ago because of a pigmentous retinitis, received implants six months ago, and counts in an interview that does in Bionic eye to him that although is not able to see forms far from it to read nor nothing seemed, or is able to distinguish a window, perhaps a door, to follow a white line guinea fowl in the ground, to separate their black socks, targets, and grays, and to even say if an object that is “seeing” is white or of some other color.
It has, in addition, the hope of which the results are improving with time, since one of the problems which the designers of the device face is to the one how to transform the images that catches the camera of the glasses in the suitable signals so that the brain of recognizes them to the user and is a little a process of test and error.
It is also by this reason why this pilot program, in that a total of 18 people participates anywhere in the world, so far only includes people who sometimes saw but that because of degenerativas diseases there are lost the view.
Lyndon gives Cross, the surgeon who operated to Rum, is very optimistic with the advances obtained in these six months as far as the operation you implant of them and the stability of the signals which they produce, and remembers that still they are more than two years of tests.

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